"Ke ʻimi nei i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole ma Farani: kahi huakaʻi nui i nā mea hiki! »

Introduction

He ʻāina waiwai ʻo Farani i ka ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole. Aia nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole i hoʻokele ʻia e nā kānāwai kūikawā a me nā lula. ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā ʻoihana ma Farani ʻo ia nā hui ʻoihana hui (SA), nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (SARL), nā hui i kaupalena ʻia e nā ʻāpana (SCA), nā hui ākea (SNC) a me nā hui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (SCS). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau ʻoihana kona mau ʻano ponoʻī a me nā pono a me nā hemahema. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā pono mākou i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole ma Farani a me ko lākou ʻano.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole ma Farani: kahi hoʻolauna

Ma Farani, nui nā ʻano ʻoihana i hoʻokele ʻia e ke kānāwai ʻoihana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻoihana kona mau ʻano ponoʻī a me nā pono a me nā hemahema.

ʻO ka hui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (SARL) ka ʻano maʻamau o ka hui ma Farani. ʻO ka mea maʻamau he ʻelua a hoʻokahi haneli mau mea kuleana e kaʻana like i nā loaʻa a me nā poho. ʻAʻole kuleana pilikino nā mea kuleana no nā aie o ka hui.

ʻO ka hui ʻoihana hui maʻalahi (SAS) kahi ʻano o ka hui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea kuleana i kuleana no nā aie o ka hui.

ʻO ka hui lehulehu (SA) kahi ʻano ʻoihana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā hui nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia e kekahi mau mea kuleana i kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē o ka hui.

ʻO ka hui ʻana i kaupalena ʻia e nā ʻāpana (SCA) he ʻano ʻoihana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana e pono ai ke kālā nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia e kekahi mau mea kuleana i kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē o ka hui.

ʻO kahi hui nui (SNC) kahi ʻano o ka hui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia e ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hoa pili ponoʻī no nā aie o ka hui.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hui hoʻokahi kanaka i kaupalena ʻia (EURL) kahi ʻano o ka ʻoihana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana hoʻokahi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau he hoa hoʻokahi i kuleana pilikino no nā aie o ka hui.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻoihana kona mau pono a me nā hemahema a he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou ma mua o ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana i kūpono i kāu ʻoihana.

ʻO nā hui kuleana liʻiliʻi (SARL) ma Farani

ʻO nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (SARL) kahi ʻano ʻoihana kaulana loa ma Farani. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e nānā ana e kaupalena i kā lākou kuleana a pale i kā lākou waiwai.

ʻO ka SARL kahi hui kuleana palena ʻia e mālama ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau hoa. Na nā hoa hana ke kuleana no ka holo ʻana i ka ʻoihana a ke kuleana lākou no kāna mau aie a me kāna mau kuleana. ʻAʻole kuleana pilikino nā hoa no nā aie a me nā kuleana o ka ʻoihana.

Aia nā LLC i nā lula a me nā kaʻina hana ma Farani. Pono nā hoa pili e waiho i nā palapala me nā mana kūpono a mālama i nā kānāwai a me nā lula pili. Pono nā hoa e koho i kahi luna nāna e mālama i ka ʻoihana.

Aia nā SARL i nā ʻauhau a me nā haʻawina palekana. Pono nā hoa hana e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau ʻauhau a me nā kuleana palekana.

He ʻano ʻoihana kaulana loa ʻo SARL ma Farani a hāʻawi i nā hoa me ka palekana mai nā pilikia a me nā kuleana o ka holo ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Aia lākou ma lalo o nā lula a me nā kaʻina hana a pono nā hoa e hoʻokō i kā lākou ʻauhau a me nā kuleana pilikanaka.

ʻO nā hui waiwai hui maʻalahi (SAS) ma Farani

ʻO nā hui ʻoihana hui maʻalahi (SAS) kahi ʻano o ka hui kālepa Farani e hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pale i nā mea kuleana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻonui i ka pono.

Hoʻomalu ʻia ʻo SAS e ka French Commercial Code a kau ʻia i nā lula a me nā kaʻina hana. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea kuleana e paʻa ana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana a nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻokele a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Hiki i nā mea kuleana ke kanaka maoli a i ʻole ke kānāwai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo SAS no kahi manawa palena ʻole a hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea kuleana. Hiki i nā mea kuleana ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana a me nā lula e hoʻokele i kāna hana. Hiki i nā mea kuleana ke hoʻoholo i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā loaʻa a me nā poho i waena o lākou iho.

Aia ʻo SAS i nā ʻauhau kikoʻī a me nā kuleana ʻauhau. Pono lākou e mālama i nā lula o ke kānāwai hui a me nā lula o ke kānāwai aelike. Aia nō hoʻi ka SAS i nā kuleana e pili ana i ka pale ʻana o nā mea kuleana a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.

ʻO SAS kahi ʻano ʻoihana kaulana loa ma Farani a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻonui i ka pono. Hāʻawi lākou i ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana i nā mea kuleana a kau ʻia i nā ʻauhau kikoʻī a me nā kuleana ʻauhau.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā pilina ma nā ʻāpana (SCA) ma Farani

ʻO nā hui i kaupalena ʻia e nā ʻāpana (SCA) he ʻano o ka hui kālepa Farani e hoʻohui i nā ʻano o nā hui liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana hui. Hoʻomalu ʻia lākou e nā ʻatikala 1845 a 1876 o ke Kānāwai Kivila Farani.

Loaʻa ʻia kahi SCA i ʻelua ʻano hoa: nā hoa palena a me nā hoa maʻamau. ʻO nā hoa pili i kaupalena ʻia he poʻe e hāʻawi kālā i ka ʻoihana a kuleana lākou i nā aie a me nā aie o ka hui. ʻO nā hoa hana maʻamau ka poʻe i hāʻawi i ko lākou ʻike a me ko lākou manawa i ka ʻoihana a nona ke kuleana no nā hana a me nā hoʻoholo a ka hui.

Aia nā SCA i nā lula hoʻomalu a me ke kuleana. Na nā hoa hana maʻamau ke kuleana no nā hana a me nā hoʻoholo o ka hui a koi ʻia e hoʻokō i nā ʻatikala o ka hui a me nā hoʻoponopono o ka hui. Na nā hoa pili i kaupalena ʻia ke kuleana no nā aie a me nā aie o ka hui ʻana a ua paʻa ʻia e nā ʻatikala o ka hui a me nā hoʻoponopono o ka hui.

Aia nā SCA i nā kuleana ʻauhau a me ka helu helu. Pono lākou e waiho i kā lākou mau moʻokāki makahiki me ke kākau inoa o ka ʻaha kalepa a kau ʻia i ka ʻauhau ʻoihana.

He ʻano kaulana loa ʻo SCA o ka ʻoihana kalepa ma Farani a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā hui e ʻimi nei e hoʻohui i nā pono o nā hui liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana hui.

ʻO nā hui hui nui (SNC) ma Farani

ʻO ka Partnerships (SNC) kahi ʻano o ka hui kālepa Farani i hoʻokele ʻia e ke Code Commercial Code. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e nā hoa ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha i kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ma ke ʻano palena ʻole a hui pū ʻia.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā aie a me nā hoʻokō o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi. Hiki i nā hoa pili ke kanaka maoli a i ʻole ke kānāwai. Na nā hoa hana ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, ʻoiai inā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kā lākou mau haʻawina ma mua o ka huina o ka ʻaiʻē o ka hui.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hoa pili ke kuleana no nā aie a me nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā hoa o kahi SNC ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana a hiki i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻohiki a nā hoa ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā hoa ke kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka ʻoihana i ka nui o kā lākou mau haʻawina, akā ʻaʻole lākou kuleana no nā ʻaiʻē a me nā ʻōlelo a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Panina

I ka hopena, ua maopopo ua hāʻawi ʻo Farani i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻoihana kona mau pono a me nā hemahema a he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou i mea e koho ai i ke ʻano ʻoihana kūpono loa no kāu ʻoihana. Eia hou, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā kuleana a me nā kuleana e hele mai me kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻoihana e hōʻoia ʻoe e hoʻokō nei i ke kānāwai Farani.